Iron Age emmer and spelt: Where, when and why? : A review of archaeobotanical evidence from southern Sweden, c. AD 1–600

The general outline of the long-term history of cereal cultivation in southern Sweden is relatively well known from published compilations of archaeobotanical data (Hjelmqvist 1955; Engelmark 1992; Gustafsson 1998; Viklund 1998; Grabowski 2011). These compilations show emmer (Triticum dicoccum) and naked barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum) as the principal crops of the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age, with einkorn (Triticum monococcum) and eventually spelt (Triticum spelta) being minor crops