The study of quantum field theory in de Sitter spacetime is notably motivated by the success of inflation, and the possibility to test fundamental physics through cosmological experiments. Going beyond the usual linearized description, one has to use nonperturbative methods to circumvent the infrared and secular divergences arising from the gravitational amplification of superhorizon modes. This thesis first focuses on the backreaction of an O(N) quantum scalar theory on the background geometry, related to the cosmological constant problem, as such divergences may signal an instability of de Sitter space towards a Minkowski spacetime. Our study uses the functional renormalization group (FRG) and shows a finite backreaction in the presence o...