The cognition process has its origins in the greek philosophers, who started scientific studies on mental processes by questioning about perception, memory and thought. Since then, several theories try to explain the fundamental concepts behind the cognition process. Some theorists believe that knowledge starts in the mind, regardless of the individual´s experience. Others believe that knowledge depends on the individual´s world perception based on his/her own observations. This paper deals with considerations on the origin of the ideas as the ground of these epistemologies, known as rationalism and realism or empiricism, which are the foundations of the cognition theories. The historical evolution of cognitive science is presen...