The article describes the differences between the Moderating Power established in the First Reign (1822-1831) and the supposed Moderating Power "exercised" by the Supreme Federal Court in today's Brazilian political institutions. At first we can see that the modification introduced in the application of the Constitution granted by the first emperor deviated from the political theory about the Neutral Power of the intellectual and writer Franco-Swiss Benjamin Constant (1767-1830). Moreover, this article analyzes aspects of the interpretations that consider the STF responsible for the exercise of Moderating Power in contemporary national democracy: such interpretations have been adopted by a considerable part of the doctrinators, a fact that ...