What is the Total Probability : One History of Acceptance of Probability Theory in the Meiji Era (1868-1912) (Study of the History of Mathematics 2020)

"Study of the History of Mathematics 2020". February 1-3, 2021. edited by Naoki Osada. The papers presented in this volume of RIMS Kôkyûroku Bessatsu are in final form and refereed.In the early Meiji period, the mathematical probability concept will be supposed to be very difficult to understand or accept at Japanese Army. In this paper, we investigate how the Japanese had understood or accepted the classical probability theory founded by Laplace, comparing several Japanese text books on probability theory with those of some European ones. Especially we focus on the words“ total probability” which is a little bit curious words from the point of view in the modern probability theory