Aerosols are a key component for studying the atmospheric composition. Actually, they have harmful sanitary consequences, modify the visibility and impact the radiative balance with a direct effect (absorption/scattering of light), a semi-direct effect (change of the temperature vertical profile) and a indirect effect (acting as cloud condensation nuclei). Aerosol modeling is a challenging issue, both at the physical and numerical levels. The objective of the PhD work is to evaluate the performances and the limitations of aerosol modeling systems at regional and continental scales. What is the robustness of the models and the comparisons with measured data ? What could be the contribution of data assimilation methods ? In a first part, a si...