A prospective study of histopathological spectrum of thyroid lesions - A three years study

Introduction: The thyroid gland is present in the neck which is enclosed by the pretracheal fascia which is a part of the deep cervical fascia. It is located in front of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th tracheal rings and weighs around 20–25 gm. This endocrine gland can be affected by a variety of diseases that range from functional and immunological mediated enlargement to neoplastic lesions. Thyroid gland lesions vary in their incidence and histopathological patterns. They may also differ in terms of geographical area, age, sex, dietary, and environmental factors. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study of all patients with thyroid lesions received in Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences and Bidar. The duration of study was 3 years from January 2018 to December 2020 was carried out. Information obtained included age, sex, clinical diagnosis, histological diagnosis were available. The data were presented in frequency tables. A Sample Size of 119 subjects was studied. Sample size was taken based on the convenience of the study. Results: In the present study, females were mostly commonly affected. It was observed that 102 (85.7%) cases were females and 17 (14.3%) cases were male. (Table 1) Male to female ratio was noted to be 6:1. In the present study, most common clinical symptom was swelling in front of the neck seen in almost all cases followed by menstrual irregularity and dyspnoea. In the present study, total thyroidectomies were most common, followed by hemi thyroidectomy specimens, subtotal thyroidectomies and lobectomies. In the present study, out of total 119 cases, 105 cases (88.1%) were diagnosed as non-neoplastic and remaining 14 cases (11.9%) as neoplastic. Conclusion: From this study two important observations that has been noticed were that the non-neoplastic lesions are much more common over the neoplastic lesions and the other is that the malignant lesions are seen predominating the benign lesions and of the malignant lesions papillary carcinoma of thyroid is the major constituent