A prospective study of histopathological spectrum of thyroid lesion- A two year study

Introduction: Thyroid gland is important organ which plays vital physiological roles in the body. Thyroid gland is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis and body integrity. Diseases of the thyroid gland are common endocrine disorders encountered globally and the incidence varies from one geographical region to another. Thyroid diseases manifest as hyperplastic , inflammatory, neoplastic or alterations in its hormonal levels or both. Among all the endocrine disorders thyroid disorders are the most common in India. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study of all patients with thyroid lesions received in Department of Pathology, Vardhman Institute of Medical Sciences, Pawapuri, Nalanda, Bihar. The duration of study was 2 years from August 2019 to August 2021 were carried out. Information obtained included age, sex, clinical diagnosis were available. The data were presented in frequency tables. A Sample Size 264 of subjects was studied. Sample size was taken based on the convenience of the study. Results: In the present study, a total of 264 patients with thyroid swellings were taken for the study for a period of two years from August 2019 to August 2021. The age of the patients ranged from 10 years to 80 years with a mean age of 37 years. Maximum number of lesions were seen in patients in the age group of 41-50 years (n=89, 34%) followed by 31-40 years (n=58, 20%) and 21-30 years (n=36,12%). Out of 36 neoplastic lesions 13 cases (36.1%) were benign tumours and 23 cases (63.9%) were malignant tumours. In the present study, among 36 cases of neoplastic lesions, papillary carcinoma which comprises of 18 cases-(6.9%), was found to be the most common followed by follicular adenoma 13 cases, follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, 3 cases, follicular carcinoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma one case each. In the present study, out of 18 cases of papillary carcinoma, classic variant was seen in 10 cases, followed by micro papillary carcinoma 8 cases. Conclusion: In our study, majority of thyroid diseases showed a female predominance with most of them occurring in the age group of 41-50 years and most common thyroid lesions were non-neoplastic. Proper diagnostic tools, including clinical history, ultrasonography and proper pathological examination are required for the identification of thyroid malignancy. Diagnosis by histopathological examination is important for the prompt diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic lesions