Cardioprotective Efficacy of Naringenin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Isoprenaline Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats

INTRODUCTION: The heart is the most active, incumbent and muscular organ which pumps the blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes. (1) Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the primary reasons of death globally, and there is an urgent need for the development of new molecules for effective treatment. CVDs involve cardiac damage due to various pathophysiological factors resulting in morbidities and mortalities at higher rates. CVDs are one of the major concerns of the developing and developed countries due to a sharp rise in prevalence rate in the last two decades. Depending on the origin, there are different types of CVDs, which include coronary heart diseases, hypertension, stroke, angina, congenital heart failure, myocardial ischemia, atherosclerosis, and cardiac fibrosis. All these diseases depict specific cellular and molecular features.(3) Some of the risk factors include age, diet, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol consumption, sex, and stress that can worsen the disease state.(4) Despite of supplements and approved drugs available in the market, there is still a greater need for development of novel compounds for prevention and treatment of CVDs. Researchers have well proved that heart diseases are the consequences of various other co-morbidities such as diabetes and chronic kidney diseases. However, myocardial ischemia and cardiac fibrosis are the leading cause of mortalities among CVDs. AIM OF THE STUDY: The main aim of the study is to assess the cardioprotective efficacy of Naringenin and Omega-3 fatty acids against myocardial infarction induced by Isoprenaline and their effects on serum, heart tissue lipids and lipid metabolizing enzymes in wistar rats. OBJECTIVES: Primary Objective: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the combined effects of the test compound (Naringenin and Omega-3 fatty acids) against myocardial infarction induced by isoprenaline. Secondary Objective: To monitor the combined effects of Naringenin and Omega-3 fatty acids on serum biochemical markers, heart tissue lipids, lipid metabolizing enzymes and histopathological alterations of rat heart. METHODOLOGY This study was carried out on Wistar albino rats (aged 20–24weeks) weighing 190–220g in animal house, K.M College of pharmacy, Madurai. The rats had free access to water and a commercial standard pelleted diet (M/s. Pran av Agro Industries Ltd., Bangalore, India). As per the standard practice, the rats were segregated based on their gender and quarantined for 15 days before the commencement of the experiment. Rats were housed in conventional conditions at a temperature of 23±1°C, with a relative humidity of 50±10% and a 12h/12h light/dark cycle. The rats used in the present study were maintained in accordance with the guidelines of CPCSEA. The study protocols was approved by the committee for the purpose of control and supervision on animals (CPCSEA) at IAEC, K.M College of pharmacy, Madurai. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Results are presented as mean ± SEM. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Newmann keuls multiple range test using a graphpad instat version 3.0. Differences are considered to be statistically significant when P