Minimalni podatki za 4D simulacijo infrastrukturnih projektov in njihovega odtisa CO2

Rapid growth in infrastructure projects such as tunneling cause rising the demand of digitalization in this sector. Recently, building information modeling has become more common in the infrastructure field and different aspects of BIM such as 4D BIM have been used to facilitate construction. While many research works have addressed various aspects of BIM in different fields, there is no comprehensive framework that can help engineers to know which data is essential for infrastructural scheduling. Statistic shows, due to the vast amount of data, scheduling can be time taking and confusing. Moreover, constructing and refurbishing railway infrastructure projects is known as one of the critical sources of carbon footprint emissions. Hence, finding a visual and practical way for simulating carbon emissions over time could play a vital role in the construction industry. Therefore, this study identifies the minimum data sets required for the development of a 4D model with a carbon footprint that could lead to a decrease in the amount of carbon emission. As BIM can provide key input for the virtual reality (VR) applications, the methodology develops an approach for 4D modeling scheduling using BIM, which is enhanced with carbon footprint data, that allows for VR assessment of the impact of a particular railway infrastructure project on the environment over time. The approach has been demonstrated in a practical case study of a railway project for which a BIM model and point cloud was made available and upgraded with 4D and CO2 footprint. The framework is useful for BIM management of railway infrastructure projects and its impact on the environment.Hitra rast infrastrukturnih projektov, kot so tuneli, povzročajo potrebo po digitalizaciji v tem sektorju. V zadnjem času je informacijsko modeliranje zgradb vse pogostejše na področju infrastrukture, za lažjo gradnje pa se uporabljajo različni vidiki BIM, na primer 4D BIM. Čeprav so številna raziskovalna dela obravnavala raznotere vidike BIM na različnih področjih, ni celovitega ogrodja, ki bi inženirjem pomagal določiti, kateri podatki so bistveni za terminsko planiranje infrastrukture. Statistični podatki kažejo, da je terminsko planiranje zaradi velike količine podatkov pogosto dolgotrajno in neurejeno. Poleg tega je gradnja in prenova železniške infrastrukture znana kot eden od večjih virov ogljičnega odtisa CO2. Zato ima lahko iskanje ustreznega vizualnega in praktičnega načina simulacije emisij CO2 v odvisnosti od časa zelo pomembno vlogo v gradbeni industriji. Zaradi navedenega ta študija obravnava pripravo minimalno potrebnih podatkov za izdelavo modela 4D z ogljičnim odtisom, ki bi lahko vodila do znatnega zmanjšanja količin CO2. Ker BIM lahko nudi ključen input za aplikacije VR (virtualno resničnost), se metodologija opira na 4D modeliranje, vključno z uporabo navidezne resničnosti in nadgrajeno s podatki o ogljičnem odtisu, ki omogoča VR presojo vplivov projektov železniške infrastrukture na okolje v odvisnosti od časa. Pristop smo demonstrirali na prktičnem primeru železniškega projekta, za katerega smo pridobili model BIM in posnetek v obliki oblakov točk, kar smo nadgradili s simulacijo 4D in ogljičnim odtisom CO2. Ogrodje je uporabno za upravljanje BIM pri infrastrukturnih projektov in presoji vplivov na okolje