This paper presents actual controversy regarding diagnosis, differential diagnosis and status of Asperger syndrome today. Reasons for support distinct diagnostic categories as well as spectrum notion of autism are discussed. There are differences across diagnostic systems including whether Asperger syndrome is used as a term to denote milder difficulties than autism, whether neuropsychological profiles are assumed to be important, wheather the nature of the social deficit is considered to be different to that in autism. Several emerging lines of data are suggestive of some differences from autism in predictions of outcome, co-morbidity with other psychiatric disorders, neuropsychological profiles, family genetics or response to treatment. T...