In the past decade, collective bargaining between library employees and library management has emerged as a major pattern in library personnel administration. Although library unions have existed since early in the twentieth century, it is primarily in the last eight or ten years that they have become collective bargaining agents rather than employee associations. The current expectation is that within the next few years a great many public and academic libraries will have encountered unionization of professional, clerical and support staff, and will have experienced collective bargaining, often for the first time.published or submitted for publicatio