International audienceThis article aims to evaluate the bioarchaeological potential of non-pollen palynomorphs (NPP) through two case studies from preventive archaeology. These NPP correspond to different dissemination or resting materials produced by organisms from the five kingdoms of life. Combined with the analysis of pollen grains, the first results obtained at Villeneuve-sur-Lot and Lavau sites demonstrate the high value of NPP as they provide significant palaeoenvironmental, palaeoecological, geoarchaeological and taphonomic informations. These two examples therefore argue in favour of a systematic analysis of NPP also in archaeological contexts and not only in natural sedimentary sequences.Au travers de deux cas d’étude issus de l’a...