Criminal profiling and criminal profiling in Italy

Profiliranje je metoda, s katero se na podlagi več dejavnikov sklepa lastnosti storilca kaznivega dejanja. Pod dežnikom profiliranja se skriva mnogo definicij in opredelitev, ki skušajo zajeti bistvo metode. Pred opisovanjem metode smo v diplomskem delu jedrnato opredelili okvir profiliranja – forenzično psihologijo, nato smo kljub neenotnosti v definicijah poskusili zajeti esenco metode in jo predstaviti na čim preprostejši način. Eno izmed sivih območij metode je opredelitev poklica profilerja – nikjer namreč ne najdemo enotne opredelitve ter zakonske podlage, ki bi določala, kdo lahko opravlja omenjeni poklic. Ker je to še vedno vprašanje, smo del pričujoče razprave namenili opisovanju profilerjev in njihovih nalog. Začetki metode veljajo za relativno plitke (ne segajo daleč v preteklost), zato smo pri pisanju velik del pozornosti usmerili v opisovanje zgodovinskih dogodkov in osebnosti, ki so prispevali k razvoju in nadgradnji tako na svetovni kot italijanski ravni. Ker je Italija v prejšnjem stoletju utrpela bistveni porast nasilnih kaznivih dejanj (predvsem serijskih umorov) in se tudi sama razvijala na področju profiliranja, smo raziskali področje ureditve in uporabnosti profiliranja v sosednji državi. Profiliranje kot razmeroma nova metoda na področju kazenskih preiskav med akademiki in laiki še vedno vzbuja veliko vprašanj in domišljije. Znanstveniki se ne morejo odločiti, ali metodo profiliranja označiti za novo znanost, ki v svet policijskega dela prinaša nova preiskovalna orodja, ali za obliko umetnosti, ki jo mediji in popularna kultura poveličujejo. Zaradi velike razdvojenosti v mnenjih, ki obkroža definicijo profiliranja in vidike uporabnosti, smo se v diplomskem delu spraševali o njeni operativni uporabnosti in učinkovitosti ter predstavili izbrano študijo, ki je preiskovala ta vidik.Criminal profiling is a method by which, based on several factors, the characteristics of the perpetrator of a crime are inferred. Beneath the umbrella of profiling lurks many definitions that seek to capture the essence of the method. Before describing the method, we briefly defined the framework of profiling - forensic psychology, then, despite the inconsistency in the definitions, we tried to capture the essence of the method and present it in the simplest way possible. One of the grey areas of the method is the definition of the profession of profiler - nowhere can we find a uniform definition, and the legal basis that would determine who can perform the mentioned profession. Since this is still a matter of question, we devoted part of the thesis for describing the profilers and their tasks. The beginnings of the method are considered relatively shallow (they do not go far back in time), so we put a lot of attention on describing historical events and personalities that contributed to development and upgrades on both global and Italian levels. As Italy has been suffering a significant increase in violent crimes (especially in serial murder) in the last century, and has also developed itself in the field of profiling, it has prompted us to explore the field of regulation and applicability of profiling in the neighbouring country. Profiling, as a relatively new method in the field of criminal investigation, still raises a lot of questions and imagination among academics and laic people. Scientists cannot decide whether to label the profiling method as a new science that brings new investigative tools, or as an art form glorified by the media and popular culture. Due to the great disagreement in the opinions surrounding the definition of criminal profiling and usability aspects, we questioned its operational usability and effectiveness, and presented a selected study that investigated this aspect