Classification of a large and widespread genus of Neotropical trees, Guatteria (Annonaceae) and its three satellite genera Guatteriella, Guatteriopsis and Heteropetalum

Guatteria (Annonaceae) is with ca. 265 species one of the largest genera of Neotropical trees together with Inga and Ocotea. Use of Guatteria in evolutionary studies has been hampered by taxonomic problems caused by lack of morphological variability in the genus. This study focuses on molecular phylogenetic relationships within Guatteria and its satellites Guatteriopsis, Guatteriella and Heteropetalum, and implications of these relationships for classification and character evolution. Results show that Guatteriopsis, Guatteriella and Heteropetalum should be merged with Guatteria. Heteropetalum may be recognized at subgeneric level because of its aberrant morphology and Guatteriopsis and Guatteriella might be given sectional status. Most of the currently recognised sections in Guatteria are probably non-monophyletic. A completely new infrageneric classification of Guatteria would be premature, however, due to the lack of molecular and morphological synapomorphies to define the sections. Synapomorphies defining Guatteria s.str. probably evolved after divergence of several early branching lineages