Using Pixel-Based Image Classification to Identify City Structure Development in Balikpapan City, East Kalimantan

A city structure is a composition of forming a city. The shape of its city can characterize the development. City development must be sustainable, then the city structure formed must also support sustainable development. Pixel-based image classification is a method used in remote sensing to quickly and multi-temporally identify structures of development of the city. Balikpapan is a National Activity Center (PKN) that has a strategic location for national and international transport routes and, therefore, can accelerate the development of the city. The study aims to identify the development of city structures formed in Balikpapan from 2009, 2014, and 2019 by using pixel-based image classification and overlay analysis. The variables of this study are developed land, non-developed land, vegetation land, and water body. The study results show the development of the city structure by forming several core structures in Balikpapan, or called multi-nuclei, on city structure theory by Harris and Ullman in 1945. The built-up area dominates the development of the city structure, and development dominates from southern to eastern of Balikpapan City. The city center formed has a role as Central Business District (CBD), and the sub-city center created helps the city center to equalize sustainable development for a better future. The development of the city structure in Balikpapan provides direction to help adjust the city in the future