Persons with mental illness frequently encounter stigma and discrimination behavior. This review aims to clarify the concept of mental illness stigma and consequences for individuals with mental illness. Stigma and discrimination impede their optimal recovery, social participation and reintegration in society. Stigma and discrimination can lead to impoverishment, social marginalization and low quality of life. Public images of mental illness add new dimension on human suffering and has been described as 'second illness'. In this paper we discuss how far stigma applies to people with mental illnesses compared with other conditions and how discrimination varies between countries and cultures. We discuss stigma as an overeaching term that cont...