International audienceIn The Middle East broke, the Lebanese historian Georges Corm, explains that this region is in a historical process of State fragmentation. Lebanon is the best example of this phenomenon. The Lebanese state has disappeared during the civil war (1975-1990) for the benefit of militias to reappear under foreign control in the early 1990's. But the territorial fragmentation on community bases and clan is a powerful reality that the "reconstruction” of Lebanon has failed to remove. Syria appears like a strong central state, exempt for community problems. This view is misleading because the community cleavages exist. They are just hidden by the Baathist regime, which masks his Alawite character by official communitarianism n...