International audienceThis article is made up of two talks presented in French and English, at two conferences : a symposium organized by Matti Hyvärinen and Kai Mikkonen, at Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies at the University of Helsinki, and a series of conferences which I organized at Paris 7-Denis Diderot University. The title, which is borrowed from Marc Dominicy's work on Jakobsonian poetics, sets out to analyze narrative theory from an epistemological viewpoint. On the one hand, I focus on Genette's narratology as it is presented in "Discours du récit", Figures III and Nouveau discours du récit (I also take into account René Rivara's attempt in La Langue du récit to give narratology a linguistic base, using enunciative linguist...