Roost Attendance and Aggression in Black Vultures

In a 5-yr study of a partially marked population of Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus) in North Carolina, turnover among marked birds in a large winter roost averaged 34% each night. Roost attendance and areawide resighting rates differed among age classes; juveniles remained site faithful while young adults ranged far, and adults were intermediate in movement. Local breeders were more consistent in year-round attendance at roosts near their nest sites than were other marked adults using these roosts, and local breeders were likewise overrepresented on initial days at baited feeding sites. During aggressive interactions at roosts and at food, adults won over young birds and juveniles lost to older birds. Breeding adults won more fights close to their nest sites than farther away. Winners of fights at roosts were more likely to be present on subsequent evenings than were losers. The results suggest that food-finding adults, primarily local breeders, can to some extent control local roost membership by means of aggressive interactions in roosts. Successful foragers can reduce the costs of being followed and sharing food by limiting the number and identity of potential followers through aggression