Intolerance caused by a deficiency of digestive enzymes - lactose intolerance

Probavni enzimi uzrokuju brojne intolerancije na hranu, a najčešća intolerancija je uzrokovana nedostatkom ili smanjenom aktivnosti enzima laktaze. Postoje četiri tipa intolerancija na laktozu: razvojna, kongenitalna, sekundarna i primarna. Prag tolerancije na laktozu u prehrani ovisi o nekoliko čimbenika kao što su količina konzumirane laktoze, vrijeme prolaska kroz crijevo te stupanj nedostatka enzima laktaze. Važno je razlikovati intoleranciju laktoze od alergije na proteine kravljeg mlijeka kako bi se primijenio adekvatan tretman liječenja i prehrane u cilju smanjivanja simptoma. Kod osoba koje boluju od intolerancije na laktozu jedan od glavnih problema do kojeg dolazi zbog izbacivanja mliječnih proizvoda iz prehrane je nedovoljan unos esencijalnih hranjivih tvari, prvenstveno kalcija i vitamina D, stoga je važno educirati osobe s intolerancijom na laktozu o pravilnoj i uravnoteženoj prehrani kako bi se izbjegao negativan učinak na zdravlje.A deficiency of digestive enzymes causes various food intolerances, and the most common intolerance is caused by a deficiency or decreased activity of the enzyme lactase. There are four types of lactose intolerance: developmental, congenital, secondary, and primary. The dietary lactose tolerance threshold depends on several factors such as the amount of lactose consumed, the time of the intestinal passage, and the degree of lactase enzyme deficiency. It is important to distinguish lactose intolerance from cow’s milk protein allergy in order to reduce symptoms through appropriate diet and medical treatment. One of the main problems for people with lactose intolerance caused by elimination of dairy products from the diet, is insufficient intake of essential nutrients, primarily calcium and vitamin D. Therefore, it is important to educate people with lactose intolerance about proper and balanced nutrition to avoid negative health effects