Programas de formación parental. Análisis comparativo

ABSTRACTThe changes experienced by the family in the last decades affect the organization, issues and the problems facing it to fulfill its educational functions in the care, support and guidance to its members. The parental training is as a working instrument to help families to face with these new situations. The modalities of training programs designed to develop competences or parenting skills are a useful resource for both professionals and families themselves. In order to understand and analyze different characteristics and approaches of parenting programs that are being used today, it has made a comparative study of fifteen parent education ten Spanish and five international programs. The analyzed programs deal with the parental training integrating a range of useful skills to support the families with the current challenges, with no significant differences between Spanish programs and other countries. The methodological approach is consistent in all cases, distinguishing in some cases an experiential approach and a technical focus in others. The evaluation and the proposal training for professionals to implement these programs are the neediest areas for improvement. This study raises new questions about the parental training that suggest further research interest in this area.RESUMENLos cambios experimentados por la familia en las últimas décadas afectan tanto a su organización como a los temas y a la problemática que tiene que afrontar para cumplir sus funciones educativas en el cuidado, apoyo y acompañamiento de sus miembros. La formación parental es un medio de ayuda para facilitar a las familias el afrontamiento de estas nuevas situaciones. Entre las modalidades de formación, los programas orientados a desarrollar competencias o habilidades parentales constituyen un recurso útil tanto para los profesionales como para las propias familias. Con la finalidad de conocer y analizar distintas características y enfoques de los programas de formación parental que se están utilizando en la actualidad, se ha realizado un estudio comparativo de quince programas de educación parental, diez españoles y cinco internacionales. Los programas analizados abordan la formación parental integrando diversidad de habilidades útiles para las familias en los retos actuales, sin que se aprecien diferencias significativas entre los programas españoles y los de otros países. El planteamiento metodológico es coherente en todos los casos, distinguiéndose un enfoque experiencial, en algunos y un enfoque técnico, en otros. La evaluación y la propuesta de formación para los profesionales que implementen estos programas son los aspectos más necesitados de mejora. Este estudio suscita nuevos interrogantes sobre la formación parental que sugieren el interés por seguir investigando en este ámbito.ABSTRACT The changes experienced by the family in the last decades affect the organization, issues and the problems facing it to fulfill its educational functions in the care, support and guidance to its members. The parental training is as a working instrument to help families to face with these new situations. The modalities of training programs designed to develop competences or parenting skills are a useful resource for both professionals and families themselves. In order to understand and analyze different characteristics and approaches of parenting programs that are being used today, it has made a comparative study of fifteen parent education ten Spanish and five international programs. The analyzed programs deal with the parental training integrating a range of useful skills to support the families with the current challenges, with no significant differences between Spanish programs and other countries. The methodological approach is consistent in all cases, distinguishing in some cases an experiential approach and a technical focus in others. The evaluation and the proposal training for professionals to implement these programs are the neediest areas for improvement. This study raises new questions about the parental training that suggest further research interest in this area