Estilos de educación en el ámbito familiar

ABSTRACTThe family, according to the CIS (Spanish Institute for Sociological Research), is one of the main concerns for Spaniards (barometer September 2010). Therefore research around parenting styles is most important as parenting styles impact children education. As agents of socialization, they facilitate learning of attitudes and behaviours which are based on the values of parents, transmitted to children through their relationship styles. In general, in education there is not a pure style, but there are guidelines that define how to educate: the intensity and frequency with which we show our affection, the quality and quantity of communication, and how to set limits and standards. Using the “Teaching Styles Questionnaire”, we conducted a descriptive study of the relationship between parents and children, in order to explore parenting styles; and provide guidance for family education that develops skills and abilities in the parents, and facilitates children’s educational processes. We found that democratic forms of education are characterised by displays of direct of love and affection of parents towards their children and a high degree of autonomy, while the absence of signs of affection, poor communication, excessive control and punishment of unwanted behaviours in children, may be related to more authoritarian styles of educationRESUMENLa familia, según datos del CIS, es uno de los temas que más importan a los españoles (barómetro septiembre 2010), por lo que son de suma importancia los trabajos referidos a su configuración, especialmente a los estilos educativos, puesto que las pautas familiares de educación tienen consecuencias en la educación integral de los hijos: como agente de socialización, ofrece un espacio de aprendizaje de actitudes y comportamientos fundamentados en los valores de los padres, que se transmiten a los hijos a través de sus estilos de relación. En general, en la labor educativa no existe un estilo puro, pero sí encontramos pautas que definen la manera de educar: la intensidad y frecuencia con que demostramos nuestro afecto, la calidad y cantidad de la comunicación, y la forma de establecer los límites y las normas. Con el “Cuestionario de estilos educativos”, hemos realizado un estudio descriptivo de las relaciones entre padres e hijos, con el objetivo de conocer los estilos educativos parentales, y ofrecer orientaciones para una educación familiar que desarrolle habilidades y destrezas en los padres, que faciliten los procesos educativos de los hijos. Encontramos que las muestras directas de afecto y cariño de los padres hacia sus hijos y un grado alto de autonomía, es una forma de educar más democrática, mientras que la ausencia de muestras de afecto y cariño, la pobre comunicación junto con excesivo control y castigo en los comportamientos no deseados de los hijos, parece estar relacionada con estilos más autoritarios de educación.ABSTRACTThe family, according to the CIS (Spanish Institute for Sociological Research), is one of the main concerns for Spaniards (barometer September 2010). Therefore research around parenting styles is most important as parenting styles impact children education. As agents of socialization, they facilitate learning of attitudes and behaviours which are based on the values of parents, transmitted to children through their relationship styles. In general, in education there is not a pure style, but there are guidelines that define how to educate: the intensity and frequency with which we show our affection, the quality and quantity of communication, and how to set limits and standards. Using the “Teaching Styles Questionnaire”, we conducted a descriptive study of the relationship between parents and children, in order to explore parenting styles; and provide guidance for family education that develops skills and abilities in the parents, and facilitates children’s educational processes. We found that democratic forms of education are characterised by displays of direct of love and affection of parents towards their children and a high degree of autonomy, while the absence of signs of affection, poor communication, excessive control and punishment of unwanted behaviours in children, may be related to more authoritarian styles of educatio