This thesis deals with fractal compression of still images, based on the theory of iterated function systems (IFS). After an overview of the main lossy and lossless still image compression methods, we introduce the IFS theory. Then, we detail the main fractal compression algorithms proposed in the literature. A coder involves comparisons between two sets of blocks. A block in the partition of the original image must be approximated by a collage block, with a contractive function. We therefore present different partitioning schemes used for the modelisation of the local-similarities in the images. Thereafter, our algorithm based on the Delaunay triangulation is explained, which constitutes the major contribution of our work. This flexible sc...