I discuss the decoding problem of two important families of algebraiccodes: binary cyclic codes and $q$-ary Reed-Solomon codes (and alsoalgebraic geometry codes). Concerning cyclic codes, they do not have ageneric decoding algorithm, except for the case of the BCH codes andrelated codes (Hartmann-Tzeng, Roos bound). Among these codes are thequadratic residue codes, for which there is no generic decodingalgorithm, but which have good parameters. I present and study asystem of equations related the syndrom decoding of cyclic codes.These equations can be solved by Gröbner tools. We thus obtaindecoding algorithms with good complexity for these codes. This workwas a part of the PHD thesis of Magali Bardet.Regarding Reed-Solomon codes, they can b...