IGN is interested in the use of GPS for millimetric leveling activities: GPS is weatherproof, low cost and simple to work. A major error source is linked to the effect of GPS signals propagation through the atmosphere, which limits the vertical accuracy between 3 and 15 mm. The NIGPS project, conducted in collaboration by IGN and SA (CNRS), aims at a precise correction of tropospheric effect on GPS signals propagation using multi-directional humidity measurements from Raman lidar. This dissertation fits to the work presented in 2005 by Jérôme Tarniewicz and aims at the methodological study, the instrumental development and the experimental validation of combined analysis of GPS and Raman lidar observations.First we study troposphere impact ...