The work reported in this thesis is about new fundamental developments of linear and non linear crystal optics in biaxial media. First, it is about the study of the angular distribution of the absorption coefficient in polarized light, secondly the study of self-frequency doubling is concerned, this last property combining simultaneously laser effect and second harmonic generation in the same crystal. These two studies have been performed in the monoclinic biaxial crystal Ca4YO(BO3)3 doped with Nd3+ ions (Nd:YCOB) and cut as a sphere. Our study of the angular distribution of the absorption in the mirror plane of Nd :YCOB showed, for the first time to our knowledge, that in a monoclinic crystal the angle between the absorption frame and the ...