The Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid state welding process, without melting. The weld is fabricated thanks to the action of tool made of a shoulder and a pin, positioned at the interface of the two pieces to be welded. The tool as two roles : heating of the material by friction of the shoulder, mixing of the material due to the pin. This thesis work is made within the partnership between Arts et Métiers ParisTech and Institut de Soudure. Its goal is to develop a FSW simulation model in order to decrease experimental trials required to optimize the process. Therefore, some points have been treated in this manuscript. Experimental analysis of thermal cycles and material movements in the case of unthreaded tools has been carried out. Thi...