Every Martian year, during local autumn and winter, a large amount of atmosphere condensates and accumulates on the surface. These mainly CO2 deposits consist in frost, ice or snow. They appear at high latitudes, where temperatures fall during polar night, and disappear with spring exposure to sun. Condensation modes, microphysical properties and evolution of the deposits are not accurately known. During this doctoral work an experimental set-up was designed and built for the creation of various analogs of Martian CO2 surface ices. With application and monitoring of several thermodynamical parameters, samples can be visually and spectrally caracterized. Experimental results will improve the knowledge of Martian CO2 cycle and spacecrafts dat...