Influence of different classes of drugs on neural plasticity

Catedra farmacologie şi farmacologie clinicRecent studies demonstrate that neurogenesis, the creation of new brain cells, occurs in the adult human. Many of these new neurons survive and integrate themselves into the working brain, suggesting the potential for a self-healing brain. Adult neurogenesis is an extremely dynamic process that is regulated in both a positive and negative manner by environmental, endocrine, and pharmacological stimuli. This indicates that neurogenesis is a form of neural plasticity that contributes to the ability of the brain to process, adapt, and respond to stimuli. Antidepressants (SSRI and tricycles) opiates, benzodiazepines, psychostimulants, and other classes of drugs (antipsychotics, antiepileptics, analgesics) are known to have long-term effects that are mediated by alteration of synaptic plasticity. In addition to their properties, repeated use of these drugs can influence cognition, learning, and memory. The focus of this work is to briefly describe influence of different drugs on neural plasticity. Cercetări recente au constatat, că creierul are proprietăţi de recuperare funcţională în urma unei leziuni prin sinteza de noi celule nervoase şi formarea de noi conexiuni între neuroni - neurogeneza sau neuroplasticitatea. Exista dovezi că neurogeneza serveşte ca suport specific al memorării şi invăţării. Neuroplasticitatea este un process dinamic pe parcursul dezvoltării umane - de la stadiul de nounăscut până la batrâneţe şi poate fi influenţat de diferiţi factori endogeni şi exogeni. Preparatele medicamentoase cu acţiune specifică asupra sistemului nervos central precum şi alte clase de medicamente (inhibitorii selectivi ai recaptării serotoninei, antidepresivele triciclice, opiidele, antipsihoticele, analgezicele, ş.a) pot influenţa pozitiv sau negativ plasticitatea cerebrală. Lucrarea este dedicată relatării influenţei unor preparate medicamentoase asupra neurogenezei