This chapter focuses on human resource management (HRM) in the Middle East and provides a review of the myriad lists of terms and geographies that have been used to describe the region. Although the Middle East context enjoys great geographical and economic significance, coupled with a unique institutional setup, there is limited literature on HRM relevant to this region. Hence, we seek to explore the importance of the Middle East’s unique institutional and cultural context for HRM and its implications for theory and practice. To do so, we first examine the relative impact of context on HRM in general before looking at several specific examples of some of the Middle Eastern countries. This chapter concludes with a number of important areas ...