Porphyry and high sulfidation epithermal ore-forming systems are genetically associated with calc-alkaline volcanism in subduction zones, and where erosion has not been too deep, the volcanic rocks are still commonly exposed in close proximity to the deposits. Most models for porphyry copper and high sulfidation epithermal gold systems include a shallow magmatic reservoir (the porphyry stock), an overlying hydrothermal cell, its alteration paragenesis and a stratovolcano. Some investigations also discuss the importance of underlying granitoid batholiths as feeders for porphyry stocks and their hydrothermal systems. Although it is commonly believed that the ores deposit during the waning stages of volcanism, given the time span over which th...