Karakterisasi Produk Pirolisis Mikroalga Spirulina platensis residue (SPR) Untuk Pengembangan Renewable Energy

At present, energy consumption has increased along with an increase in population coupled with socio-economic developments and improved living standards. The use of conventional fuels from non-renewable fossils still use as the primary source of energy fulfillment; excessive use will cause a reduction in reserves of energy sources and severe environmental problems due to CO2 emissions produced. Therefore it is necessary to find a substitute for fossil energy with renewable energy sources, and the potential to be developed is biofuels. By utilizing Spirulina platensis (SPR), microalgae extraction residue as pyrolysis raw material, bio-oil, water phase, gas, and char products will produce. The purpose of this study is the characterization of pyrolysis products, product yields from three experiments, and analysis of bio-oil with GC-MS. The quality of bio-oil can see from the content of O / C, H / C components, and higher heating value (HHV), and the content of oxygenate, aliphatic, and aromatic compounds. Good quality fuel if O / C is low, H / C is high, HHV is high, oxygenate compounds are small, while aliphatic and aromatic are high. Pyrolysis is carried out at a temperature of 300-600oC in atmospheric conditions with a heating rate of 5-35 ° C/min. The equipment used is a fixed-bed reactor with an outer diameter of 44 mm, an inner diameter of 40 mm, and a reactor height of 600 mm. Before the reactor use, the temperature rise characteristic of the pyrolysis time is analyzed to control the heating rate in the desired range. SPR feed that is used as much as 50 grams, with variations in pyrolysis temperature (300, 400, 500, and 600 ° C), is expected to obtain optimum condition data with maximum bio-oil products. The composition of bio-oil was analyzed by GC-MS to determine the contents of C, H, O, N, S, and oxygenate, nitrogenate, aliphatic, and aromatic. In the SPR pyrolysis, the higher the pyrolysis temperature, the bio-oil yield will increase to an optimum temperature, then decrease. The optimum pyrolysis temperature is 550oC (23.99 wt.% Bio-oil) and at 600 ° C (33.28 wt.% Gas). The higher the pyrolysis temperature H/C rises, the O/C falls. The optimum conditions achieved at a temperature of 500oC the values of C, H, O, and H / C & O / C are 37.00; 43.25; 17.34 wt.% And 1.17 & 0.47. The Higher Heating Value (HHV) has increased from 11.64 MJ / kg to 20.63 MJ / kg, with an increase in temperature from 300 to 600 oC. Oxygenate compounds decreased with an increase in temperature, ie, from an average of 85.26 (300oC) to 37.55 wt.% (600oC), a decrease in oxygenating compounds was around 55.96%. As for aliphatic and aromatic experiences, it increased from 300-600 oC, each from 5.76 to 36.72 wt.% And 1.67 to 6.67 wt.%