Sedimentary charcoal, preserved in lakes, peatbogs and other anoxic environments, has been widely used as an indicator of past changes in fire regimes. Pollen records can be used to reconstruct past climate changes by deriving a statistical relationship between modern pollen abundance and modern climate and applying this relationship to fossil pollen assemblages. Here, we present pollen data and charcoal data from the Iberian Peninsula. The pollen data file includes basic information (e.g., latitude, longitude, elevation, source of the data, citation for original publication), age information (IPE age and IntCal20 mean and median ages and age uncertainties) and pollen counts for 205 taxa by depth (cm) for 114 records. The charcoal d...