This diploma thesis deals with the taxation of non-profit organizations in the Czech Republic from the perspective of income tax, with the main emphasis being placed on the use of a special tax deduction, which is defined by Section 20 (7) of Act No. 586/1992 Coll. on Income Taxes. The work is focused mainly on non-governmental non-profit organizations and its main goal is to analyze and evaluate the use of special deduction of non-profit organizations in practice. The first chapter contains the theoretical knowledge of the functioning and financing of non-profit organizations. The second chapter deals with the taxation of non-profit organizations within the income tax, specifically the institute of public benefit taxpayer and the character...