AI and Earth Observation

Satellite remote sensing is the only global and continuous Earth Observation (EO) system. In the present context of unprecedented and rapid climate changes EO plays the central role in understanding the planetary scale phenomena. The analysis of the Big EO Data poses many challenges and the solutions are presently mainly based on the advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI). The presentation overviews and analyses specific AI methods for EO data, beginning with the generation of training data sets, data base biases analysis, explainable machine and deep learning paradigms for high complexity phenomena understanding. Selected examples are presented for coastline and polar sea-ice monitoring