The article offers a reading of The Second Sex focused on recontructing the keys of its insertion in the History of Feminist Theory. From a retrospective point of view, this reading presents the work as a radicalisation of the enlightened tradition of feminist thought: Beauvoir irrationalises the pertinence of a feature linked to birth when it comes to determining the legitimacy of an adscriptive identity, in this case, femininity. From the prospective point of view, we propose a reinterpretation of Beauvoir in the context of the current debates around gender as a category. In so doing, we assess her contributions and her shortcomings concerning the theoretical grounds of vindication and the criticism of androcentrism. Her standpoints are p...