Application of modern biotehnical methods in improwing reproductive efficiency of pigs

Metode poboljšavanja plodnosti svinja dijelimo na metode tri generacije. U prvu generaciju metoda poboljšavanja plodnosti svinja spadaju umjetno osjemenjivanje i čuvanje razrijeĎene sperme odnosno, zamrzavanje gameta i embrija. Prednosti umjetnog osjemenjivanja u usporedbi s prirodnog pripusta ima mnogo, a neke su: potrebna mala količina sjemena za začeće, transport kvalitetnog sjemena na velike udaljenosti, poboljšanje populacije itd. U drugu generaciju se ubraja višestruka ovulacija i embriotransfer koji je već duţe vremena popularan u svinjogojstvu. Pri zahvatu se koriste tehnologije koje su razvile u 70-ih i 80-ih godina prošlog stoljeća, a koriste se i danas. U treću generaciju metoda poboljšavanja plodnosti svinja spada in vitro oplodnja kojom su jajne stanice oploĎene spermijima izvan maternice. In vitro proizvodnja embrija se obično sastoji od tri koraka: sazrijevanje in vitro, in vitro oplodnja te in vitro kultura.Methods of improving the fertility of pigs are divided into methods of three generations. The first generation of methods for improving the fertility of pigs include artificial insemination and storage of diluted sperm, ie freezing gametes and embryos. The advantages of artificial insemination compared to natural mating are many, and some are: a small amount of semen is needed for conception, transport of quality semen over long distances, population improvement, etc. The second generation includes multiple ovulation and embryo transfer, which has long been popular in pig farming. The procedure uses technologies that were developed in the 70s and 80s of the last century, and are still used today. The third generation of methods to improve the fertility of pigs includes in vitro fertilization by which eggs are fertilized by sperm outside the uterus. In vitro embryo production usually consists of three steps: in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization, in vitro culture