A Systematic Review of Patient-Reported Nasal Obstruction Scores: Defining Normative and Symptomatic Ranges in Surgical Patients

A gold standard objective measure of nasal airway obstruction (NAO) does not currently exist, so patient-reported measures are commonly used, particularly the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) and the visual analog scale (VAS). However, questions remain regarding how best to utilize these instruments