FIFS: Fine-grained Indoor Fingerprinting System

WLAN-based indoor location fingerprinting has been attractive owing to the advantages of open access and high accuracy. Most fingerprinting-based systems so far rely on the received signal strength (RSS), which can be easily measured at the receiver with commercial WLAN equipment. However, RSS is a coarse value which simply measures the received power for a whole channel. Thus, it fluctuates over time in typical indoor environments with rich multipath effects and not unique for a specific location. In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of a Fine-grained Indoor Fingerprinting System (FIFS). FIFS explores a PHY-layer Channel State Information (CSI) that specifies the channel status over all the subcarriers for location fingerprinting in WLAN. The system leverages the CSI values including different amplitudes and phases at multiple propagation paths, known as the frequency diversity, to uniquely manifest a location. Moreover, the multiple antennas provides the spatial diversity that can be further augmented in fingerprinting. We also present a coherence bandwidth-enhanced probability algorithm with a correlation filter to map object to the fingerprints. We conducted experiments in two typical indoor scenarios with commercial IEEE 802.11 NICs. The experimental results demonstrate that the overall positioning accuracy can be improved compared with the RSS-based Horus system