Analysis of historical droughts through their induced impacts

[ES] A pesar de que hoy en día la identificación y caracterización de sequías sigue siendo un proceso no estandarizado, lo más habitual es utilizar índices como el SPI o el SPEI entre otros. En este estudio se han analizado sequías históricas, no solo a través de los índices SPI y SPEI, sino también a través del índice SSMI, con series de humedad de suelo simuladas con el modelo hidrológico Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC). El objetivo es mostrar la importancia de considerar la humedad del suelo en estudios de sequías. La ocurrencia de las sequías se ha determinado a través de los impactos económicos y agrícolas generados, y no únicamente a través del déficit hídrico. Se puede concluir que la humedad del suelo es un factor determinante en el estudio del impacto de la sequía en la producción de cereales y especies de grano grueso, pero no en las pérdidas económicas inducidas.[EN] Nowadays, the identification and characterization of droughts is not yet a standardized process, in most cases, indices such as SPI or SPEI are used for this task. In this study, historical droughts are analyzed, not only through SPI and SPEI, but also using SSMI computed with soil moisture time series simulated with the VIC hydrological model. The main objective is to show the importance of considering soil moisture in the study of droughts. Drought occurrence was determined through the impacts of past droughts and not only through the deficit they produce at some point in the water balance process. 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