The article deals with the fundamental problems in philosophy and humanities that Modernity has brought about: the split between facts and values, the weakening of interpersonal ties in society, the formation of the scientific-technological enterprise and the resulting shifts in the self-consciousness of the individuals. Most of the outstanding critics of Modernity – Stephen Toulmin, Leszek Kolakowski, Friedrich August von Hayek and Louis Dumont – argue that Cartesian rationality and its “byproduct”, rigid geometrical paradigm of knowledge, has to be replaced by a more flexible and evolution-oriented biological paradigm. Truth is said to be more of a local and “parochial” than of universal character – that is why one has to take seriously t...