Transcatheter aortic valve implantation combined with other heart interventions: current status and future perspectives

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is a well-proven effective treatment option for patients with severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis requiring valve replacement in all risk classes. Frequently, however, other concomitant cardiovascular conditions demanding intervention are present, and a combined approach is required. Here, we discuss some of the most frequent combined settings. The decision about which approach (staged or simultaneous) is more suitable for each patient needs to be based on individual characteristics and clinical, anatomical, and procedure-related factors