The aim of this section is to report on the current state of environmental observations related to natural hazards and identify the future requirements. Natural hazards can result in harm to human health and loss of life. They can also destroy livelihoods and cause significant environmental and economic damage, particularly to infrastructure. Hazards include floods, storm waves, coastal erosion, drought, heat waves, cold weather, windstorms, wildfires, pests and diseases, air quality, ground instability (e.g. landslides and subsidence), ash, gas and aerosols from overseas volcanic eruptions and space weather