A Study of the Logistics Industry Policy in China

[[abstract]]近十幾年來，中國經濟的崛起，是世界各國矚目的焦點，過往的中國所載負的是「世界工廠」的盛名，而這也代表著中國境內龐大的市場商機，中國經濟發展至今，仍然有許多地方存在著貧富差距，各地區發展不平衡的情況之下，也會影響著各項產業的發展，物流產業便是其中一項。物流產業的發展程度，已被各先進國家視為一國發展經濟的關鍵產業，無不制定各相關政策來幫助物流產業的發展。中國漸漸提高對物流產業的重視，雖然已陸續出爐各項物流法規標準，並且高度發展物流基礎設施，但也產生了許多問題，例如物流園區的過度開發、物流成本高居不下、交通建設銜接程度低等等，都影響了中國物流產業的發展。 因此，本研究試圖以中國政府之角度，探討物流產業政策的相關擬定方向，透過文獻資料的回顧，了解目前中國物流產業的發展狀況及問題。透過問題與障礙的發現，試圖研擬一套物流產業之政策工具，提出中國物流相關政策需要改進之方向。並以層級方析法來建構出中國物流產業政策制定之考量因素架構，包含5個構面、15個因素，透過專家問卷的回饋，使本研究能夠更具客觀及專業性。 經由層級分析法分析專家問卷後，分析結果認為，中國在擬定政策時應從以下方式著手：1 欲發展物流產業，必須先解決政治體系的問題，適度地進行權力下放，減少政府的干預程度，以讓物流產業能夠自由發展。2 中央政府在制定政策時，需要加大政策的考量範圍，例如區域經濟、社會、相關產業等，並與地方政府之間的溝通能更確實。3 中央政府在物流產業的總體規劃方向，應從法律與財政為優先考量目標，其次再考量環境與設施、創造需求等問題。4 政府體系應多從企業界著手，透過企業回饋的資訊，作為擬定政策的參考，會使政策更能貼近實際情況。5 在因素考量方面，政府應首重法規及標準，其次為市場機制的運作、基礎設施的完善、資訊及技術的推廣以及策略性政策的擬定。[[abstract]]In these several years China has become the focus around the globe because of the boost economy China has been named of the world’s factory and it also indicated that there is an opportunity for running business However there is a gap between rich and poor in several place And also these would affect industrial development under the unbalanced condition logistics included as well The development of logistics has become a core industry which can help macroeconomic for a whole country Therefore each government tries to make useful policy to boost their own logistics China also pays much attention on logistics gradually However although they have made much related law and restrictions well constructing every infrastructure it still comes out many problems For example over exploitation of logistics parks high logistics cost and low linking in transportation theses influence logistics in China a lot Based on what we have mentioned above this study tries to explore the industrial policy of logistics in China and find out its appropriate direction at government angle By reviewing the literature understanding the problem and logistics development in China This study also tries to make a policy tool for logistics industry and provide a n improving direction via discovering the barriers and problem By adapting Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) to establish a structure for industrial policy for China’s logistics including 5 dimensions 15 factors and investigating experts we make this research more objective and vocational as possible as we can After analyzing the questionnaires which made by these experts the advises would be made as follows：(1) China should solve the political problem first before developing logistics industry lowering the interposing from government (2) Expanding the considering scope before making policy such as regional economy society related industries and indeed communication with local government (3) Central government should consider law and financial in priority next for environment facility and demand creation (4) Government should take enterprises into account for more appropriate logistics industrial policy (5) For factors consideration government should focus on law and stander operation second is the market mechanism well infrastructure the promotion of information technology and strategic policy makin