Modern Technologies for Creating Nanostructures in Thin‐Film Solar Cells

Most photovoltaic devices (solar cells) sold in the market today are based on silicon wafers, so‐called first‐generation technology. There is an argument whether the market at present is on the verge of switching to a “second generation” of thin‐film solar cell technology. Thin‐film photovoltaic device technology relies on light management to enhance light absorption in thin absorber layers. The use of the ZnO nanorods in the thin‐film solar cells is an effective way to decrease the reflection. The variation of the geometrical parameters of the ZnO nanorods, such as the diameter, the height and the density, can lead to an optimum, which results in the maximal absorption in the absorber