International audienceWe prove Manin's conjecture, in the strong form conjectured by Peyre, for Châtelet surfaces associated to surfaces of the type y^2 + z^2 = P (x, 1), where P is a binary quartic form with integer coefficients that is either irreducible over Q[i] or the product of two quadratic forms with integer coefficients and irreducible over Q[i]. Moreover, we provide an explicit upper bound for the remainder term in the relevant asymptotic formula. This essentially settles Manin's conjecture for all Châtelet surfaces. The proof rests on two new tools, namely upper bounds for mean values of local oscillations of characters on divisors and sharp upper estimates for mean values of arithmetic functions of binary forms. Pezzo surfaces o...