This thesis deals with the bases of Ethics in comparison with the practice of Ethics in the Slovak and the Czech Republic. The first part describes and discusses the philosophical, pedagogical and psychological bases of teaching subject called Ethics. It presents a chronological overview of ethical theories and their comparison of the base of morality. It deals with the philosophy of education and dialogue as the principles of teaching. It represents Piaget's theory of moral development of the child, states stages of moral reasoning by Kohlberg and characterizes Frankl's logotherapy. The second part analyzes and compares the approaches to Ethics in primary and secondary education in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic due to the base...