The nutrition specifics of patients with chronic renal failure in pre-haemodialysis and haemodialysis programmes.

Chronic renal insufficiency tends to worsen gradually until it gets to the stage of kidney failure, often despite the prescribed adequate treatment. The duration of this period of nephrology dispensarization may differ. Kidneys lose their cleaning ability within ten years, which leads to accumulation of metabolism waste products in the body. If the primary renal disease graduates to the final stage the patient depends on substitute kidney therapy in the form of haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or transplantation. Kidney failure treatment depends on the stage of renal function impairment. Modification of eating habits is also closely related to this fact. In the first stage of insufficiency the diet does not substantially differ from normal healthy nourishment principles. Only later gradual limitation of intake of the individual nutrients is necessary. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to map specific requirements for nourishment of patients suffering from chronic kidney failure that have not been included in a dialysis programme yet, contrary to individuals who already visit a dialysis centre and regularly undertake blood cleaning process. A lot of professional literature had to be studied to obtain necessary information for preparation of adequate diet regimen. Scientific bibliographic publications by Czech as well as foreign authors were used as the source on the one hand and the latest findings resulting from randomized multicentric studies had to be found in journals specialized in kidney diseases and nourishment on the other hand. Nourishment recommendations for patients with chronic kidney failure, which are divided into low-protein diet in conservative therapy and limitation of nutrient intake in patients included in the haemodialysis programme, were elaborated upon the obtained information