This doctoral dissertation has been conducted under a convention for the joint supervision at Aalto University (Finland) and University of Iceland (Iceland).Chemical reactions and other transitions involving rearrangements of atoms can be studied theoretically by analyzing a potential energy surface defined in a high-dimensional space of atom coordinates. Local minimum points of the energy surface correspond to stable states of the system, and minimum energy paths connecting these states characterize mechanisms of possible transitions. Of particular interest is often the maximum point of the minimum energy path, which is located at a first-order saddle point of the energy surface and can be used to estimate the activation energy and rate of...